强迫症 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)（中英对照）

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强迫症 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)（中英对照）
关键词：强迫症、强迫思维、强迫行为、焦虑、心理治疗、心理辅导、obsessive compulsive disorder、OCD、anxiety、psychotherapy、counseling

' |+ E: B% k; M! c& {2 d什麽是强迫症？   B0 c# t3 o6 D ' E+ n1 |. G; U2 ]6 e强迫症是一种焦虑障碍。强迫症患者会有一些重复且令人不快的想法或影像出现在脑子里，这些想法或影像使得患者反复地去做某些事情。这些令人不安的想法或影像叫做“固着／强迫观念”。那些企图消除这些不快想法的重复行为叫做“强迫行为”。强迫行为只能短暂地缓解患者的焦虑。很多强迫症患者都知道他们的行为是不正常的，但他们就是无法停止或控制自己。严重的强迫症可使人无法正常生活。 导致强迫症的原因 + E" L/ b% \8 W: X% m5 @! i7 E ( }; s% i6 |5 }  i' _( U导致强迫症的原因不是单一的。家族史、大脑化学物质的失衡和外界压力都起一定作用。强迫症可发生于各种年龄但通常在少年或青年时期首次出现症状。 " ]1 ^$ Q) z$ P) t( k$ f( o# ]9 ~ 6 {; |! d- _- N4 J' ~* Q" u2 _% r 强迫症的症状和表现： : X3 v5 D! C; M7 t5 k! {3 Y , |* K+ l6 s9 ], W6 d# _7 E# i强迫思维的例子如： － 对整洁要求严格或要把东西按照特殊的 顺序排列 － 害怕细菌 － 害怕受伤害 － 害怕伤害别人 % |% q! j/ V6 X1 ^3 z: V－ 关于性的想法 － 关于宗教的想法 3 m3 C7 ?* b: B3 G 强迫重复行为的例子如： － 洗手 － 打扫卫生 * E& I, Q% X7 P& f. W$ W' g/ W1 b－ 数数 ' {2 U9 V% o; j5 ^* N& j( E" x－ 排列东西 － 默念词语 － 祈祷 ! y* P- }1 p$ E% M4 A: l: {－ 检查东西（比如炉子是否关好，门有无锁好等） / ^8 S& b/ @! V, T6 Y ! p  @+ V8 I  D! E: h# v2 C 强迫症的治疗 5 v, v. z: A$ a 8 w. c% [) s$ s& P5 W5 ?一般来讲强迫症对治疗的反应良好。心理治疗可帮助患者减轻焦虑和控制强迫行为。严重患者则需药物配合。家人、朋友、和自助小组的支持也很重要。 ' g2 e' @- g5 b# W0 t3 ~ 3 W& k- a1 H% s$ j- {$ [ $ Z3 v$ _/ I  E, K& d 1 h. n6 P; C+ _0 Y  j, h ) U% v9 Q! D, G% ^ : j3 I2 p0 f; |  S' d

What is OCD? & N- d) v1 h. @% i0 gObsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder. People with OCD have repeated, upsetting thoughts or images that may make them do things over and over. The upsetting thoughts or images are called "obsessions". The actions that are done over and over again to make the thoughts go away are called "compulsions". These actions only give brief relief from anxiety. Many people with OCD know that their actions are not normal but they cannot stop or control them. OCD can be so severe that it stops people from having a normal life. 4 M) D5 [, d. R6 q) N 1 O; |4 B2 t* k' O What causes OCD? 9 d' a7 X  L6 e  u2 X& ]; r0 O : y& A3 I; k/ o, N" i( ?* WThere is no one reason why someone develops OCD. Family history, brain chemistry and stress play a big role in producing the illness. OCD occurs in people of all ages but symptoms are usually first seen in teens and young adults. # g( c  @# Q7 e0 I3 CSigns and Symptoms Examples of obsessions include: . a3 [/ i0 u! _. V9 u· Keeping things neat or in a special order $ _2 v9 o7 L( H7 c/ z· Fear of germs ) d" D4 o3 a2 A8 I' T· Fear of being hurt ( n) S% {1 l& u' C· Fear of hurting others · Upsetting thoughts about sex · Upsetting thoughts about religion Doing any of these things over and over: • Washing hands * U  M& \" f6 ]: @+ a• Cleaning $ f9 l1 S! U& a5 d% D• Counting + m' I* f! _4 e! o+ v" y5 _# j• Arranging things • Repeating words silently • Praying / @0 [4 v# s: j) n0 R% S8 o• Checking things (such as whether 0 _/ w4 r3 B4 D. R6 ^* I* @1 \the stove is off or the door is locked) 5 v0 D" p2 H8 H7 ? What are the treatments? * M4 r) K! Z3 k  U5 oOCD generally responds well to treatment. Psychotherapy will help to reduce anxiety and control the compulsive behaviours. Medication is needed for severe case. Support from family, friends and self help groups can also be very helpful. 8 n6 G& }5 x5 s0 ? 9 F. v8 y# g; G/ B8 O6 K