惊恐发作和惊恐障碍Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder （中英对照）

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惊恐发作和惊恐障碍Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder （中英对照）

" \0 x8 o! A4 U- H$ l. Q关键词：惊恐、惊恐障碍、惊恐发作、焦虑、心理治疗、心理辅导、panic、panic attack、panic disorder、aniety、psychotherapy、counseling

什麽是惊恐障碍？ 惊恐障碍是一种焦虑障碍。患有惊恐障碍的人会有“惊恐发作”。在惊恐发作的时候，患者的身体感觉明显，他们会感到自己要有心脏病发作，或者感觉要失去控制或者“要发疯了”。 : `5 R* \* o3 b! n% J) _ % u! }+ q: ?  B6 t2 T" a惊恐发作可发生在任何时候。典型的惊恐发作仅持续数分钟的时间，但有些症状可能持续时间较长。惊恐障碍患者经常会担心下一次惊恐发作的时间和地点，所以，他们会避免到他们认为可能出现惊恐发作的地方去，致使有的患者甚至不敢离开家门。并不是所有曾有惊恐发作的人都会发展成惊恐障碍。惊恐障碍患者也常同时具有忧郁症或吸毒及酗酒问题。   y- M  x+ S+ D导致惊恐发作的原因 8 W! Q& R+ R- r4 {) u' }' b导致惊恐发作的原因不很清楚。家族史、大脑化学物质失衡、和生活的压力与惊恐发作的关系密切。 , i/ O: h$ n8 a( @& N - X8 H9 y( Q# S$ Q' t& C6 Q惊恐发作的症状和表现 3 M9 A2 A7 A  d! H% |－ 心跳急促或心跳不规律 - w0 _/ i+ l9 O) s－ 出汗 － 呼吸困难 － 颤抖或抖动 － 胸痛或不适 9 u4 b/ F; G  {# u' F/ r4 R－ 窒息感 ( K3 k0 f$ r1 p) r. v/ v－ 眩晕、不稳、或头重脚轻感 % g0 `2 R! j0 _5 N& z5 @; l9 v－ 恶心或胃部不适 － 感觉和自我或现实分离 － 感觉热或冷 7 a0 l% q0 `" |2 v# E& ?如果您有上述症状，就应当寻求帮助和治疗。 , T2 }8 S9 u2 g3 |9 ^ 惊恐障碍的治疗 / c2 |7 e2 F: X' d  S4 |" o8 ^ / _  b3 E% i* m3 [4 P; \' {惊恐障碍对治疗的反应良好。治疗方法包括： 9 M6 E$ q9 L& E* @ # w6 w9 Y2 L( w' u% t' j－ 心理治疗 － 放松练习 － 药物治疗 9 D0 x) O; b. t( O$ \( v严重病例可能需要心理治疗和药物治疗的结合。有些患者经过治疗可以完全康复，但有些患者则需要长期的心理治疗以减轻症状或防止复发。 ' O$ j' O/ Z9 J" c+ w& l2 k % f) e& p2 A; n6 F3 o, N 8 L2 C$ Z  K# R7 i& W$ I- g 3 q- @  G# S) ?* @. t + S( A- w6 B- g. q0 ~1 J# i- ] * ~  x$ s% t- T5 B4 o( C1 K  T

( }% l5 _/ G3 H# n- aWhat is Panic Disorder? Panic Disorder is a type of Anxiety Disorder. People with Panic Disorder have “panic attacks”. During these attacks people have strong physical feelings and may think they are having a heart attack or may feel like they are losing control or “going crazy”. 3 Q" b; l- C: n/ P  G( e Panic attacks can happen at any time. An attack usually lasts for a few minutes. Some symptoms may last longer. People who have Panic Disorder often worry about when the next panic attack will happen. They may avoid places where they think they will have a panic attack. Sometimes the worry is so strong they are afraid to leave their home. Not all people who have panic attacks develop Panic Disorder. People with Panic Disorder often also have depression or drug and alcohol problems. ! l0 ^& Q- M  k, k5 K What causes Panic Attacks? , {2 C! ?. ^& t; a6 r0 [3 G - g$ ]/ v2 u4 ]5 \8 y' cThere are no clear reasons why a panic attack happens. Family history, brain chemistry and stressful life circumstances can play a big part. 8 D" O2 f5 N+ \" _; x; Y, @ Signs and Symptoms? • Racing or uneven heart rate • Sweating ( Y* s, N% W/ t, g$ k• Feeling short of breath • Shaking or trembling 8 H. s: r  c, P7 B9 H6 n; a) J  g• Chest pain or discomfort 7 [$ ^' @& m8 I6 }3 T$ C• Feeling like you are choking ' m6 P; W4 c8 v" d' r- z4 t• Feeling dizzy, unsteady or light headed • Nausea or feeling sick to your stomach • Feeling detached from yourself or reality ( `0 O% _, i5 S& j• Feeling hot or cold 5 G# V5 x% W' k+ o. c5 R If you have any of these symptoms, you should look for professional help. , f1 Z. q! f5 k3 z% y6 ~ 9 g6 x( e' L9 j9 [Patient Education   I3 V0 }: Q- H- b9 F5 fWhat are the treatments? Panic Disorders respond very well to treatment.There are many types of treatments that can be used: 7 ?+ g9 j% G7 D$ T6 { * `  B0 W9 f1 R/ o8 k. `2 y• Psychotherapy • Relaxation skills 5 G' |- z- R+ }: M9 w* D+ v• Medication Treatment of severe panic disorder may need the combination of psychotherapy and medication. Some people canrecover fully with treatment. Others need long-term therapy to feel better and preventthe return of symptoms.